{"id":227,"date":"2015-09-23T15:17:10","date_gmt":"2015-09-23T15:17:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/uran-deutsch-tschechischer-erinnerungsort.info\/?p=227"},"modified":"2017-03-07T17:23:56","modified_gmt":"2017-03-07T16:23:56","slug":"zdravotni-riziky-z-prace-v-uranu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/?p=227","title":{"rendered":"Hornick\u00e1 nemoc \u2013 zdravotn\u00ed riziky z pr\u00e1ce v uranu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pramen<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u2026\u00a0Z\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed horn\u00edk\u016f uranov\u00fdch dol\u016f u\u017e ve\u00a0t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch letech XX. stolet\u00ed vypl\u00fdvalo, \u017ee pr\u00e1ce p\u0159i t\u011b\u017eb\u011b a\u00a0prvotn\u00edm zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed smolince je zdrav\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e1, \u017ee se j\u00e1chymov\u0161t\u00ed horn\u00edci do\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho v\u011bku 33\u00a0let, \u017ee b\u011bhem \u017eivota trp\u00ed \u0159adou organick\u00fdch a\u00a0funk\u010dn\u00edch poruch nebo chorob a\u00a0\u017ee p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou jejich smrti je \u010dasto kombinace rakoviny plic se silik\u00f3zou. Proto byl soubor zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch specifick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed u\u00a0t\u011bchto horn\u00edk\u016f nazv\u00e1n jako J\u00e1chymovsk\u00e1 hornick\u00e1 nemoc (JHN) resp. v\u00a0N\u011bmecku jako Schneeberger Krankheit.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkumem t\u00e9to nemoci se za\u010dala zab\u00fdvat nadace, zalo\u017een\u00e1 osobn\u00edm darem 300\u00a0000 K\u010d presidenta T.\u00a0G.\u00a0Masaryka. V\u00a0n\u00ed se u\u00a0n\u00e1s probl\u00e9mem JHN zab\u00fdvali zejm\u00e9na profeso\u0159i Karlovy university Franti\u0161ek B\u011bhounek, He\u0159man \u0160ikl a\u00a0Peln\u00e1\u0159 a\u00a0prim\u00e1\u0159 j\u00e1chymovsk\u00fdch l\u00e1zn\u00ed Dr.\u00a0Markl. V\u00a0N\u011bmecku stejnou problematiku \u0159e\u0161ila zejm\u00e9na skupina v\u011bdc\u016f v\u00a0\u00dastavu Maxe Plancka, tehdy je\u0161t\u011b z \u00dastavu c\u00edsa\u0159e Wilhelma, veden\u00e1 profesorem Rajewskym.<\/p>\n

Z\u00a0t\u011bchto v\u00fdzkum\u016f ji\u017e p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou jednozna\u010dn\u011b vyplynulo, \u017ee p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou JHN je vysok\u00e1 expozice horn\u00edk\u016f radioaktivit\u011b z\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho uranu a\u00a0z jeho rozpadov\u00fdch produkt\u016f ve\u00a0form\u011b radonu, uranov\u00fdch aerosol\u016f a\u00a0oz\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed z\u00a0p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch p\u0159irozen\u011b radioaktivn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f. Prvn\u00ed souborn\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed zdravotn\u00edho stavu j\u00e1chymovsk\u00fdch horn\u00edk\u016f v\u0161ak provedl a\u017e v\u00a0letech 1939 Dr. A.\u00a0Brandt z\u00a0\u00fastavu pracovn\u00ed hygieny berl\u00ednsk\u00e9 university, kter\u00fd zde uplatnil sv\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti z\u00a0vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00fdch horn\u00edk\u016f z\u00a0uranov\u00fdch dol\u016f v\u00a0okol\u00ed Aue a\u00a0Schneebergu. U\u00a0j\u00e1chymovsk\u00fdch horn\u00edk\u016f popsal Brandt zm\u011bny v\u00a0krvetvorb\u011b ji\u017e po\u00a0dvoulet\u00e9 expozici. D\u00e1le zjistil, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina z\u00a0nich trp\u00ed silikosou a\u00a0\u017ee prvn\u00ed n\u00e1lezy zhoubn\u00fdch n\u00e1dor\u016f v\u00a0respira\u010dn\u00edm traktu se u\u00a0nich p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b vyskytuj\u00ed a\u017e po\u00a0nejm\u00e9n\u011b 10\u00a0letech od za\u010d\u00e1tku dlouhodob\u00e9 expozice (…).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

M8:<\/strong> RNDr. Hubert Proch\u00e1zka, CSc. [\u010dlen p\u0159edsednictva Konfederace politick\u00fdch v\u011bz\u0148\u016f \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky], Rozbor pracovn\u00edch rizik p\u0159i otrock\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci v\u011bz\u0148\u016f v\u00a0J\u00e1chymovsk\u00fdch dolech v\u00a0letech 1949-1960, 19.01.2006, zdroj:<\/span> http:\/\/www.kpv-cr.cz\/uranove-doly-zdnesniho-pohledu\/<\/a><\/strong> (25.09.2015).<\/span><\/p>\n

Anal\u00fdza<\/h2>\n

Radioaktivn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed m\u00e1 sv\u016fj p\u016fvod v p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159i\u010d\u00edch – uranu, radiu, thoriu. Hygienici se v t\u00e9to souvislosti nejv\u00edce ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed radioaktivn\u00edho plynu radonu (Rn), kter\u00fd vznik\u00e1 p\u0159em\u011bnou radia. Radon je bezbarv\u00fd plyn bez z\u00e1pachu, kter\u00fd je t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e vzduch. P\u0159i sv\u00e9 p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b vys\u00edl\u00e1 radon radioaktivn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed ve form\u011b alfa \u010d\u00e1stic. Alfa z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed m\u00e1 sice malou prostupnost, ale jeho hlavn\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed tkv\u00ed v tom, \u017ee jej lid\u00e9 vdechuj\u00ed jako radon ve vzduchu. P\u0159i dlouhodob\u00e9m p\u016fsoben\u00ed je tento plyn lidsk\u00e9mu organizmu \u0161kodliv\u00fd. N\u00e1sledkem velmi intenzivn\u00edho ionizuj\u00edc\u00edho oz\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i okam\u017eit\u00e1 smrt. Dal\u0161\u00edm nebezpe\u010d\u00edm p\u0159edstavuje gama z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je srovnateln\u00e9 se z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm rentgenov\u00fdm, jeho\u017e \u0161kodliv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky byly zn\u00e1my bezprost\u0159edn\u011b po jeho praktick\u00e9m vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed po roce 1895. Hroz\u00ed zde zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 n\u00e1klonnost k leuk\u00e9mii a tvorb\u011b zhoubn\u00fdch n\u00e1dor\u016f, kter\u00e1 se m\u016f\u017ee projevit teprve po des\u00edtk\u00e1ch let. Faktorem ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00edm zdrav\u00ed lid\u00ed v uranov\u00fdch provozech je i poletav\u00fd radioaktivn\u00ed prach v\u00a0ovzdu\u0161\u00ed: aerosoly \u2013 prachov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice o velikosti pod 10 mikrometr\u016f.<\/p>\n

Horn\u00edci nem\u011bli jednoduch\u00e9 \u017eivobyt\u00ed. \u010casto se st\u00e1vali ob\u011b\u0165mi d\u016fln\u00edch ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a v\u00a0lep\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zkon\u010dili jako invalid\u00e9. Ji\u017e od st\u0159edov\u011bku bylo zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee se nav\u00edc do\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed mnohem krat\u0161\u00edho v\u011bku ne\u017e okoln\u00ed populace a \u017ee trp\u00ed hornickou nemoc\u00ed. Teprve v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed se zdravotn\u00edm rizik\u016fm pr\u00e1ce v\u00a0podzem\u00ed za\u010dala v\u011bnovat odborn\u00e1 pozornost. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed text RNDr. Huberta Proch\u00e1zky, CSc. byl publikov\u00e1n na \u010desk\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch Konfederace politick\u00fdch v\u011bz\u0148\u016f. Konfederace v\u011bnuje t\u00e9to problematice zv\u00fd\u0161enou pozornost, proto\u017ee to byly zejm\u00e9na politi\u010dt\u00ed v\u011bzni, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0j\u00e1chymovsk\u00fdch dolech nucen\u011b pracovali na p\u0159elomu \u010dty\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch a pades\u00e1t\u00fdch let dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Poslal je sem \u010deskoslovensk\u00fd komunistick\u00fd re\u017eim, aby splnil obrovsk\u00e9 sov\u011btsk\u00e9 n\u00e1roky na dod\u00e1vky uranu. Mnoz\u00ed v\u011bzni zde v\u00a0nelidsk\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch zem\u0159eli, dal\u0161\u00ed si odnesli celo\u017eitn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed n\u00e1sledky. Tak\u00e9 proto naz\u00fdvali tuto otrockou pr\u00e1ci \u201eJ\u00e1chymovsk\u00fdm peklem\u201c.<\/p>\n

\u00dakoly<\/span><\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. Shrni, kter\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed t\u011b\u017eba uranu a v\u00a0mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech vyvol\u00e1vala.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Ud\u011blej si tabulku a do napi\u0161 pro \u010cSR a N\u011bmeckou \u0159\u00ed\u0161i, jak se naz\u00fdvala hornick\u00e1 nemoc v\u00a0obou st\u00e1tech, kter\u00e9 instituce se zab\u00fdvaly v\u00fdzkumem nemoci a v\u00a0kter\u00e9 dob\u011b v\u00fdzkum prob\u00edhal.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. V\u00a0letech 1949-1960 \u010deskoslovenk\u00fd komunistick\u00fd re\u017eim pron\u00e1sledoval sv\u00e9 politick\u00e9 odp\u016frce a mnoho zav\u00edral do t\u00e1bor\u016f nucen\u00fdch prac\u00ed v\u00a0j\u00e1chymovsk\u00fdch uranov\u00fdch dolech. Bezpe\u010dnost pr\u00e1ce zde nebyla dodr\u017eov\u00e1na. Najdi argumenty, pro\u010d komunistick\u00fd re\u017eim p\u0159ipustil\/toleroval v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed rizika pro politick\u00e9 v\u011bzn\u011b.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Na sask\u00e9 stran\u011b Kru\u0161noho\u0159\u00ed, v\u00a0uranov\u00fdch dolech NDR pracovali ve stejn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b civiln\u00ed horn\u00edci. Nadpr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 mzdy a dobr\u00e9 zasobov\u00e1n\u00ed potravinami a po\u017eivatinami je l\u00e1kalo do tamn\u00edch dol\u016f. Posu\u010f, jestli tyto v\u00fdhody mohouvyrovnat zdravotn\u00ed a pracovn\u00ed rizika uvend\u00e9 v textu.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Vysv\u011btli, za jak\u00fdm \u00fa\u010delem pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vznikl text publikovan\u00fd na \u010desk\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch Konfederace politick\u00fdch v\u011bz\u0148\u016f. V\u0161imni si p\u0159itom, kdo byl autorem textu.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Pramen \u2026\u00a0Z\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed horn\u00edk\u016f uranov\u00fdch dol\u016f u\u017e ve\u00a0t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch letech XX. stolet\u00ed vypl\u00fdvalo, \u017ee pr\u00e1ce p\u0159i t\u011b\u017eb\u011b a\u00a0prvotn\u00edm zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed smolince je zdrav\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e1, \u017ee se j\u00e1chymov\u0161t\u00ed horn\u00edci do\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho v\u011bku 33\u00a0let, \u017ee b\u011bhem \u017eivota trp\u00ed \u0159adou organick\u00fdch a\u00a0funk\u010dn\u00edch poruch nebo chorob a\u00a0\u017ee p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou jejich smrti je \u010dasto kombinace rakoviny plic se silik\u00f3zou. Proto byl soubor zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31,26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-227","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hornictvi-v-krusnohori","category-prameny-a-ukoly-cs"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/227","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=227"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/227\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":860,"href":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/227\/revisions\/860"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=227"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=227"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=227"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}