{"id":714,"date":"2017-02-24T19:00:20","date_gmt":"2017-02-24T18:00:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/uran-deutsch-tschechischer-erinnerungsort.info\/?p=714"},"modified":"2017-03-08T11:02:35","modified_gmt":"2017-03-08T10:02:35","slug":"razba-pro-panovnika","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/?p=714","title":{"rendered":"Ra\u017eba pro panovn\u00edka"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pramen<\/span><\/h2>\n

\"Bergaltar_M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4ger\"<\/a><\/p>\n

M2-g:<\/strong> Razi\u010di minc\u00ed p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci. V\u00fd\u0159ez z\u00a0malby na zadn\u00ed stran\u011b hornick\u00e9ho olt\u00e1\u0159e v\u00a0kostele sv. Anny v\u00a0Annabergu, mal\u00ed\u0159em byl Hans Hesse kolem roku 1520. Zdoj: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001. Dostupn\u00e9 z: https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/3a\/Annaberger-Bergaltar2.jpg<\/a>\u00a0 (03.09.2015). <\/span>Detail zpracoval: Marcel Mahdal, 2016.<\/span><\/p>\n

Anal\u00fdza<\/h2>\n

Ra\u017een\u00e9 kovov\u00e9 mice existovaly ji\u017e 500 p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem na uzem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00edho Turecka, \u0158ecka a \u010c\u00edny, kolem roku 300 p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem tak\u00e9 v\u00a0\u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i. Ra\u017een\u00ed minc\u00ed si vy\u017e\u00e1dal r\u016fst obchodu a pot\u0159eba v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho objemu jednoduch\u00fdch platitel ob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm rozsahu. V\u00fdroba minc\u00ed musela prob\u00edhat efektivn\u00edm a rychl\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Ru\u010dn\u00ed ra\u017een\u00ed minc\u00ed napl\u0148ovala tyto po\u017eadavky dostate\u010dn\u011b. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 a ran\u011b novov\u011bk\u00e9 Evrop\u011b byly zlat\u00e9 a st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9 mince nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi platidly. Kolem roku 1500 na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu se vyvinuly prvn\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 bankovky (mimo to existovaly i v \u010c\u00edn\u011b), kter\u00e9 seu n\u00e1s za\u010daly prosazovat a\u017e od 19. stolet\u00ed. Stroje na v\u00fdrobu minc\u00ed se zav\u00e1d\u011bly od 16. stolet\u00ed. Pozd\u011bj\u00ed stroje byly poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 p\u00e1rou, elekt\u0159inou \u010di hydraulicky, nicm\u00e9n\u011b princip ra\u017eby se a\u017e do dne\u0161n\u00edch dn\u016f v podstat\u011b nezm\u011bnil.<\/p>\n

Panovn\u00edk si vyhradil na ra\u017ebu minc\u00ed monopol, objevily se z\u00e1kony proti pad\u011blatel\u016fm \u2013 t\u011bm hrozily nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed tresty. Mincovna obstar\u00e1vala tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed nezbytn\u00fd prvek pot\u0159ebn\u00fd pro zhotoven\u00ed minc\u00ed \u2013 kov, z n\u011bho\u017e byly mince vyr\u00e1b\u011bny. Po\u017eadovan\u00fd kov byl v mincovn\u011b metalurgicky zpracov\u00e1n a n\u00e1sledn\u011b upraven do mincovn\u00edho kovu, do podoby tzv. st\u0159\u00ed\u017ek\u016f, co\u017e byly kotou\u010dky kovu p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 k ra\u017eb\u011b. K realizaci ra\u017eby bylo nejprve nutn\u00e9 vytvo\u0159it svrchn\u00ed nebo i spodn\u00ed raznici. Na nich byl vyryt negativn\u00ed obraz reli\u00e9fu, kter\u00fd m\u011bl b\u00fdt oti\u0161t\u011bn na hotov\u00e9 minci. Samotn\u00e9 ra\u017een\u00ed minc\u00ed pak prob\u00edh\u00e1 n\u00e1sledovn\u011b: Preg\u00e9\u0159 neboli razi\u010d vlo\u017e\u00ed mezi raznice kovov\u00fd polotovar zvan\u00fd st\u0159\u00ed\u017eek a zku\u0161en\u00fdm \u00faderem kladiva na n\u011bj vyraz\u00ed otisky raznice. T\u00edm na rubu a l\u00edci mince vznikne po\u017eadovan\u00fd reli\u00e9f. Motivy na rubu i l\u00edci jsou spojeny s konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmi panovn\u00edky nebo k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdmi motivy.<\/p>\n

\u00dakoly<\/span><\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. Popi\u0161 oble\u010den\u00ed obou mu\u017e\u016f a srovnej je s\u00a0horn\u00edky na ostatn\u00edch obrazc\u00edch olt\u00e1\u0159e.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Porovnej prostor, ve kter\u00e9m mu\u017ei pracuj\u00ed s pracovn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00edm horn\u00edk\u016f.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Popi\u0161, s\u00a0jak\u00fdmi n\u00e1stroji pracuj\u00ed mu\u017ei na obr\u00e1zkua odhadni, jak\u00fd byl postup jejich pr\u00e1ce a co bylo v\u00fdsledn\u00fdm produktem jejich pr\u00e1ce.
    \n<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Odhadni na z\u00e1klad\u011b tv\u00fdch odpov\u011bd\u00ed na ot\u00e1zky 1 a\u017e 3, jak byli odm\u011bn\u011bni a jak byli respektov\u00e1ni pracovn\u00edci na obr\u00e1zku. Zva\u017e, jestli v\u00a0jej\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mohly b\u00fdt upr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed \u00facta a zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed plat.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Vyp\u00e1trej, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem a ze kter\u00fdch kov\u016f se dnes vyr\u00e1b\u00ed mince. Vyjmenuj rozd\u00edly od ra\u017een\u00ed minc\u00ed kolem roku 1520.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Pramen M2-g: Razi\u010di minc\u00ed p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci. V\u00fd\u0159ez z\u00a0malby na zadn\u00ed stran\u011b hornick\u00e9ho olt\u00e1\u0159e v\u00a0kostele sv. Anny v\u00a0Annabergu, mal\u00ed\u0159em byl Hans Hesse kolem roku 1520. Zdoj: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001. Dostupn\u00e9 z: https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/3a\/Annaberger-Bergaltar2.jpg\u00a0 (03.09.2015). Detail zpracoval: Marcel Mahdal, 2016. Anal\u00fdza Ra\u017een\u00e9 kovov\u00e9 mice existovaly ji\u017e 500 p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45,31,27,26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-714","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hornicky-oltar-v-annabergu","category-hornictvi-v-krusnohori","category-obrazky","category-prameny-a-ukoly-cs"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/714","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=714"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/714\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":871,"href":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/714\/revisions\/871"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=714"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=714"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=714"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}