{"id":883,"date":"2017-03-08T14:15:34","date_gmt":"2017-03-08T13:15:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/uran-deutsch-tschechischer-erinnerungsort.info\/?p=883"},"modified":"2017-03-09T10:53:35","modified_gmt":"2017-03-09T09:53:35","slug":"hornicka-remesla-kolem-roku-1500","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/?p=883","title":{"rendered":"Hornick\u00e1 \u0159emesla kolem roku 1500"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00fd\u0159ezy obr\u00e1zk\u016f hornick\u00e9ho olt\u00e1re kostela sv. Anny v Annbergu<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Anal\u00fdza II \u2013 Co se d\u011bje na jednotliv\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0159ez\u00edch?
\n<\/span><\/h2>\n

K nal\u00e9z\u00e1n\u00ed rudn\u00fdch lo\u017eisek \u010dasto doch\u00e1zelo n\u00e1hodou. P\u0159i orb\u011b, pod vyvr\u00e1cen\u00fdm stromem nebo v pr\u016frv\u011b sk\u00e1ly po \u00faderu blesku. Horn\u00edci se pak pustili do kut\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161tol a \u0161achet, aby se dostali k lo\u017eisk\u00e1m rud. K pr\u00e1ci u\u017e\u00edvali ml\u00e1tek a \u017eel\u00edzko, n\u00e1stroj\u016f, jejich\u017e p\u0159ek\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed se stalo symbolick\u00fdm znakem hornictv\u00ed. V\u00fdkop svisl\u00fdch \u0161achet a horizont\u00e1ln\u00edch \u0161tol byl velmi nam\u00e1hav\u00fd a pr\u00e1ce pokra\u010dovaly i po n\u011bkolik generac\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 \u0161achty dosahovaly a\u017e 600 m hloubky pod \u00farovn\u00ed povrchu zem\u011b. Muselo b\u00fdt vyt\u011b\u017eeno velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed hlu\u0161iny \u2013 horniny, kter\u00e1 neobsahovala \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 st\u0159\u00edbro. Hlu\u0161ina byla vyta\u017eena na povrch a vr\u0161ily se z n\u00ed haldy. Dal\u0161\u00edmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi profesemi byli d\u016fln\u00ed kov\u00e1\u0159i a d\u016fln\u00ed tesa\u0159i. Ti m\u011bli na starosti v\u00fdd\u0159evu, kterou se vyztu\u017eovaly \u0161toly a \u0161achty. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm \u017eeb\u0159\u00edk byl pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n ke dvoj\u00edmu \u00fa\u010delu. P\u0159i v\u00fdstupu nahoru slou\u017eil jako klasick\u00fd \u017eeb\u0159\u00edk, ale p\u0159i sestupu se z n\u011bj stala skluzavka. Pro rychl\u00fd a bezbolestn\u00fd skluz pou\u017e\u00edvali horn\u00edci z\u00e1st\u011bry z volsk\u00e9 k\u016f\u017ee. Vstupy do \u0161achet byly p\u0159ed nep\u0159\u00edzn\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u011bny d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edst\u0159e\u0161ky. Ha\u0161plovn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed obsluhovali rump\u00e1l, spou\u0161t\u011bli stavebn\u00ed materi\u00e1l dol\u016f, nahoru pak vytahovali jak horninu, tak horn\u00edky. Na povrchu byla vyt\u011b\u017een\u00e1 ruda nakl\u00e1d\u00e1na na d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 k\u00e1ry a \u010dty\u0159kolov\u00e9 voz\u00edky \u2013 tzv. hunty.<\/p>\n

St\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e1 ruda byla drcena, n\u00e1sledn\u011b pak prop\u00edr\u00e1na vodou od ne\u010distot a zeminy na velk\u00fdch d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch ro\u0161tech. Nadrcen\u00e1 omyt\u00e1 a o\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e1 ruda se pak pra\u017eila v dvoukomorov\u00fdch pec\u00edch, aby se tak stala k\u0159eh\u010d\u00ed. V tav\u00edc\u00edch pec\u00edch se z n\u00ed vytavilo st\u0159\u00edbro d\u00edky vysok\u00e9 teplot\u011b dosa\u017een\u00e9 p\u00e1len\u00edm d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9ho uhl\u00ed a oxidu olovnat\u00e9ho. Roztaven\u00e9 st\u0159\u00edbro vyt\u00e9kalo do misek, ve kter\u00fdch vychladlo a bylo znovu p\u0159etaveno. D\u00edky t\u00e9to technologii bylo zbaveno p\u0159\u00edm\u011bsi olova, kter\u00e9 vyteklo seshora, st\u0159\u00edbro se usadilo dole. Kone\u010dn\u011b mohlo b\u00fdt \u010dist\u00e9 st\u0159\u00edbro vykov\u00e1no do tzv. prut\u016f.<\/p>\n

V\u00fd\u0159ezy obr\u00e1zk\u016f a \u00fakoly<\/span><\/h2>\n

\"M1a<\/a>M2-a: Doly <\/a><\/span><\/strong>\"M1b<\/a>M2-b:\u00a0To\u010d\u00ed klikou<\/strong> <\/a><\/span><\/strong> \"M1c<\/a>M2-c: Mezi t\u011b\u017ebou a \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm <\/a><\/span><\/strong>\"M1d<\/a>M2-d a M2-e: K \u010dist\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a ryzej\u0161\u00ed st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9 rud\u011b<\/a><\/span><\/strong>\"M1e<\/a>M2-d a M2-e:\u00a0K \u010dist\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a ryzej\u0161\u00ed st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9 rud\u011b <\/a><\/span><\/strong> \"M1f<\/a>M2-f: Taven\u00ed rudy ve dvou kroc\u00edch <\/a><\/strong><\/span>\"M1g<\/a>M2-g: Ra\u017eba pro panovn\u00edka<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

M2-a a\u017e M2-g: <\/strong>V\u00fd\u0159ezy z\u00a0malby na zadn\u00ed stran\u011b hornick\u00e9ho olt\u00e1\u0159e v\u00a0kostele sv. Anny v\u00a0Annabergu, mal\u00ed\u0159em byl Hans Hesse kolem roku 1520. Zdoj: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001. Dostupn\u00e9 z: https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/3a\/Annaberger-Bergaltar2.jpg<\/a>\u00a0 (03.09.2015). Detaily zpracoval: Marcel Mahdal, 2016.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00fd\u0159ezy obr\u00e1zk\u016f hornick\u00e9ho olt\u00e1re kostela sv. Anny v Annbergu Anal\u00fdza II \u2013 Co se d\u011bje na jednotliv\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0159ez\u00edch? K nal\u00e9z\u00e1n\u00ed rudn\u00fdch lo\u017eisek \u010dasto doch\u00e1zelo n\u00e1hodou. P\u0159i orb\u011b, pod vyvr\u00e1cen\u00fdm stromem nebo v pr\u016frv\u011b sk\u00e1ly po \u00faderu blesku. Horn\u00edci se pak pustili do kut\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161tol a \u0161achet, aby se dostali k lo\u017eisk\u00e1m rud. K pr\u00e1ci u\u017e\u00edvali […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45,31,27,26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-883","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hornicky-oltar-v-annabergu","category-hornictvi-v-krusnohori","category-obrazky","category-prameny-a-ukoly-cs"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/883","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=883"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/883\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":899,"href":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/883\/revisions\/899"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=883"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=883"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uran-a-cesko-nemecka-mista-pameti.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=883"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}